refractive index liquid  (Cargille Laboratories)

Journal: Nanophotonics

Article Title: Dual-band high-Q quasi-BIC metasurface for refractive index sensing

doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Asymmetric dual-nanohole metasurface refractive index sensor. (a) Top view. (b) Isometric view with dimension labels. Specific structural parameters: Px = 400 nm, Py = 200 nm, and h = 100 nm. (c) Simulated transmission spectra T for different values of Δ. (d) Simulated transmission spectra with different nanohole radius differences. (e) Simulated transmission spectra for different values of Δ. (f) Fano line shape fitting results (for Δ = 15 nm). (g) Variation trend of the Q -factor under different Δ conditions.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, we further performed a calibration experiment using standard refractive index liquids (Cargill, USA) with an interval of 0.02.

Techniques: Refractive Index, Transmission Assay

Journal: Nanophotonics

Article Title: Dual-band high-Q quasi-BIC metasurface for refractive index sensing

doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Refractive index sensing performance of the asymmetric dual-nanohole metasurface. (a) Effect of the radius difference of the dual-nanohole on the BIC resonance peak. (b) Simulated and (c), (d) experimental transmission spectra curves of standards with different refractive indices. (e) Experimental validation results.

Article Snippet: Meanwhile, we further performed a calibration experiment using standard refractive index liquids (Cargill, USA) with an interval of 0.02.

Techniques: Refractive Index, Transmission Assay, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Optical and Quantum Electronics

Article Title: An exact analysis of the temperature control of optical waveguides

doi: 10.1007/s11082-025-08076-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plot of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Gamma _{2}$$\end{document} Γ 2 , fraction of power in cladding as a function of core radius a for a step index fiber with cladding refractive index 1.434 curve a . The horizontal line d indicates where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Gamma _{2} = 0.0212$$\end{document} Γ 2 = 0.0212

Article Snippet: This was computed using the finite difference module in FIMMWAVE (Photon Design) and the following parameters were chosen: a = 4 μm, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}=1.451$$\end{document} n 1 = 1.451 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}=1.445$$\end{document} n 2 = 1.445 , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}=1.44$$\end{document} n 3 = 1.44 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{1}/dT = dn_{2}/dT = 8.45\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 1 / d T = d n 2 / d T = 8.45 × - 6 / ∘ C and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{3}/dT = -391\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 3 / d T = - 391 × - 6 / ∘ C , corresponding to the Cargille refractive index data sheet: Refractive-Index-Liquid-Series-AA-n \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 1.4500-at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 589.3-nm-and- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$25^{\circ } \text {C}$$\end{document} 25 ∘ C (Cargille).

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Optical and Quantum Electronics

Article Title: An exact analysis of the temperature control of optical waveguides

doi: 10.1007/s11082-025-08076-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A general optical waveguide with core of refractive index \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}$$\end{document} n 1 , infinite cladding of index \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}$$\end{document} n 2 and temperature controlling regions of index \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}, n_{4}, \cdots , n_{i}$$\end{document} n 3 , n 4 , ⋯ , n i

Article Snippet: This was computed using the finite difference module in FIMMWAVE (Photon Design) and the following parameters were chosen: a = 4 μm, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}=1.451$$\end{document} n 1 = 1.451 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}=1.445$$\end{document} n 2 = 1.445 , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}=1.44$$\end{document} n 3 = 1.44 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{1}/dT = dn_{2}/dT = 8.45\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 1 / d T = d n 2 / d T = 8.45 × - 6 / ∘ C and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{3}/dT = -391\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 3 / d T = - 391 × - 6 / ∘ C , corresponding to the Cargille refractive index data sheet: Refractive-Index-Liquid-Series-AA-n \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 1.4500-at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 589.3-nm-and- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$25^{\circ } \text {C}$$\end{document} 25 ∘ C (Cargille).

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Optical and Quantum Electronics

Article Title: An exact analysis of the temperature control of optical waveguides

doi: 10.1007/s11082-025-08076-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Geometry of four side hole fiber with side holes arranged symmetrically. The core and cladding have refractive indices \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}$$\end{document} n 1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}$$\end{document} n 2 respectively, and the temperature controlling regions have the same refractive index n 3

Article Snippet: This was computed using the finite difference module in FIMMWAVE (Photon Design) and the following parameters were chosen: a = 4 μm, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}=1.451$$\end{document} n 1 = 1.451 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}=1.445$$\end{document} n 2 = 1.445 , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}=1.44$$\end{document} n 3 = 1.44 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{1}/dT = dn_{2}/dT = 8.45\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 1 / d T = d n 2 / d T = 8.45 × - 6 / ∘ C and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{3}/dT = -391\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 3 / d T = - 391 × - 6 / ∘ C , corresponding to the Cargille refractive index data sheet: Refractive-Index-Liquid-Series-AA-n \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 1.4500-at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 589.3-nm-and- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$25^{\circ } \text {C}$$\end{document} 25 ∘ C (Cargille).

Techniques: Refractive Index

Journal: Optical and Quantum Electronics

Article Title: An exact analysis of the temperature control of optical waveguides

doi: 10.1007/s11082-025-08076-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cross section of a silica on silicon waveguide. The waveguide materials \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}, n_{2} \text { and } n_{3}$$\end{document} n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are normally silica or germania doped silica, grown on a silicon wafer. An athermal waveguide design results from replacing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}$$\end{document} n 3 with a suitable material with a negative thermal coefficient for the refractive index

Article Snippet: This was computed using the finite difference module in FIMMWAVE (Photon Design) and the following parameters were chosen: a = 4 μm, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{1}=1.451$$\end{document} n 1 = 1.451 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{2}=1.445$$\end{document} n 2 = 1.445 , and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$n_{3}=1.44$$\end{document} n 3 = 1.44 , \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{1}/dT = dn_{2}/dT = 8.45\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 1 / d T = d n 2 / d T = 8.45 × - 6 / ∘ C and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$dn_{3}/dT = -391\times 10^{-6}/^{\circ }\text {C}$$\end{document} d n 3 / d T = - 391 × - 6 / ∘ C , corresponding to the Cargille refractive index data sheet: Refractive-Index-Liquid-Series-AA-n \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 1.4500-at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$-$$\end{document} - 589.3-nm-and- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$25^{\circ } \text {C}$$\end{document} 25 ∘ C (Cargille).

Techniques: Refractive Index